Unbranded, plainly packaged, less expensive versions of common products

A firm that operates in more than one country and captures R&D, production, logistical, marketing, and financial advantages in its costs and reputation that are not available to purely domestic competitors

An industry in which the strategic positions of competitors in major geographic or national markets are fundamentally affected by their overall global positions

Prices based largely on competitors’ prices

Branded products diverted from authorized distribution channels in the country of product origin or across international borders